Writing Biography - Tugas B Inggris Bisnis 2

My brother Is a Punk

Born in Bogor on July 16th, 1996. My brother is the eldest of two siblings. He has light skin and rabbit tooth with thick lips. He was a crybaby and a naughty kid. But he was a person who would protect me if anyone interfered. It felt very proud to have a brother who was in the same elementary school, because bullies were afraid to act nosy at me. But sometimes he likes to get into trouble due to his friends. Once he had a fight with his best friend who was famous for being so bad that his ears bled. But his friend came and apologized. Although My mother finally forbade my brother to be friend with him anymore, he didn’t listen and still befriended him. Even though after he had been graduated from elementary school, they were no longer friend. But he said, “It was a good thing, because after I had gotten into high school, he went into prison”. I was so schocked.

When he was in middle school he got into an islamic boarding school. Although the reason he was put there by my mom was because he was so naughty. But he said, “I was able to experience and learn many things. In fact, my experience helped me, who now works away from home”. My brother is also actually smart, though not academically. He is smart to take advantage of circumstances that benefit him. For example he could have good grades in school without having to study hard. And he was so good at imitate an image that he could make a profit of it. He also acted as a main role in high school theater and won a prize. “I was so happy at that time, I had never won anything that great in my life before” he said. He also like to be friend with everyone without discriminating. He always plays guitar with his friends and travels a lot. His other hobby that I know beside that is he like to modify a motorcycle and view cars and bikes. He often talk about it for hours with my dad.

My brother is blessed with a lot of good fortune. Many people admit that. For example, he made it into the Official Transportation School. Although at that time he enrolled in communication major at a private university. But suddenly my mother advised him to take an official school test. He was a little unsure. He said, “The test is known to be difficult. But if I didn't take her advice, I would end up in uncertain future”. And he made it until finally he got the written test. He didn't like to study and my brother also admitted that too. But unexpectedly, he passed. Not because he studied furiously but because he chosed the newly opened department that had few participants. And he knew about it from the security guard last minute before he turned the document in. Really is a person who has a lot of luck. But who knows? might be he was just being modest and did study hard.

My brother actually can't be called a good or bad brother. Through him I learned many things. But, things that could not be said to be entirely good. We also fought a lot because of trivial matters when we were a little. But even though I was so pissed at him and still remembered his cunning tricks as a child, he was turning into a good brother when he grew up and had liked to buy me a lot of things after he got a job. I could not stay mad at him for long because he was so nice to me. It is true that people say, the quarrel between siblings will turn into a good laugh when they grow up.


Nama: Nada Nabilah
NPM : 15116240
Kelas : 4KA07

Original Writing Practice Tugas B Inggris Bisnis 2

Why Cheating in Relationship is Not The Answer

Cheating in a relationship is a dishonest act, which is to have another relationship outside the existing relationship. Everyone has their own definition of how some actions can be called cheating. But in between many forms of cheating, cheating is still wrong. And even though it's wrong, there are still a lot of people who do this kind of thing. Many things cause it. But in the end, cheating is really not the answer for their own problem. Why is cheating not the right decision to take?

Lots of disadvantage can be obtained by having an affair. Besides not solving the root of the problem. Cheating can make them no longer be trusted by others if their actions are known later on. Why? Because the researchers found that in unmarried couples, individual who had an affair is likely to have an affair again in subsequent relationships, even three times greater. Once their partner suspect them having an affair, then their partner will continue to suspect them. And also, those who think that they will be cheated, are four times more suspicious of the relationship that is being lived at this time.

 

For why they cheat, there are many reasons though. One of them, in a study said that people who cheat sometimes expect cheating can improve their relationship with their partner. It may be difficult to understand the connection, however, some of them think by having an affair can fill the emptiness that has been felt, but does not dare to be expressed when they are in the main relationship. So they don't need to break up because they feel unfulfilled. But actually, if their actions are known by their partner, instead of getting better, a relationship that has been carefully established can become messy. Turn around hurting their partner that they don’t want to be hurt in the first place.

What to do then if we really want to avoid that? First, communicate with our partner a lot about what needs to be improved in the relationship. Just tell the truth if we think it really can not be ignored anymore. One of the keys to a long-lasting relationship is to continually want to fix that can be fixed, and avoid argument that is unnecessary. Don’t have to always make a big deal out of everything, just what we think really need to be fixed. The rest depends on how the partner will respond later. And finally, if we really can't find another common ground after having been discussed many times with our partner, may be we can decide to cut off relations. It might sound a little too harsh. But it’s better than having an affair and ultimately hurt many parties involved.

Nama: Nada Nabilah

NPM : 15116240

Kelas : 4KA07

Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2 (Exercise 1.12 & 2.16)

Nama    : Nada Nabilah

NPM      : 15116240

Kelas     : 4KA07

Exercise 1.12 (Page 12) – Avoiding Shift In Person

1.       I enjoy eating out instead of cooking at home. Living in Seattle, you have a choice of many different kinds of restaurants. My favorite restaurant is a Japanese one near my home. It is small and very popular, so you usually have to wait for a table.

Jawaban :

You (correct: It) have  (correct: has) a choice of many different kinds of restaurants.

So you (correct: I) usually have to wait for a table.

2.       If a person wants to learn to play a musical instrument well, you will have to develop self- discipline. The serious music student, for example, must be willing to give up watching two or three hours of television a day, and, instead, spend your time practicing.

Jawaban:

You (correct: he or she) will have to develop self- discipline.

Spend your (correct: his or her) time practicing.

3.       During the past year or two, the price of food has risen sharply. Every time I go to the market, you can see increases in several items. Not so long ago, your twenty dollars bought quite a few bags of groceries, but now I can carry twenty dollars’ worth of food home in one bag.

Jawaban:

You (correct: I)  can see increases in several items.

Your (correct: My)  twenty dollars bought quite a few bags of groceries.

4.       I received a camera for a graduation present last year. It worked fine at first, but after a few months, you could tell that something was wrong with it. The pictures were so blurry that you couldn’t recognize the people in them. The repairperson at the camera shop wanted too much money to repair it, so I stopped using it. You would be wasting your money to buy film for that lemon.

Jawaban:

You  (correct: I) could tell that something was wrong with it.

The pictures were so blurry that you (correct: I) couldn’t recognize the people in it.

You (correct: I) would be wasting your (correct: My) money to buy film for that lemon.

5.       My brother likes his job as a lifeguard at the beach. You don’t have to wear a coat and tie to work, and you are out in the fresh air all day. A lifeguard has an important job. You don’t just watch pretty girls; you are responsible for the lives of all those people who come to enjoy the ocean.

Jawaban:

You (correct: He) don’t (correct: Doesn’t) have to wear a coat and tie to work.

And you (correct: He) are (correct: Is) out in the fresh air all day.

You (correct: he or she) don’t (correct: doesn’t) just watch pretty girls.

You (correct: he or she) are (correct: Is) responsible for the lives of all those people who come to enjoy the ocean.

Exercise 2.16 (Page 40) – Tense Shift Problems

1.       Last Tuesday night I went to the library because I had a test in history on Wednesday morning. It is too noisy at home to study. My brother is playing the stereo, my mother was vacuuming, and my little sister and her friend are chasing each other around the house. How am I supposed to concentrate with all that commotion?

Correct:

Last Tuesday night I went to the library because I had a test in history on Wednesday morning. It was too noisy at home to study. My brother was playing the stereo, my mother was vacuuming, and my little sister and her friend were chasing each other around the house. How was I supposed to concentrate with all that commotion?

2.       My friend Greg loves peanut butter. Every morning he spread peanut butter on his toast or waffles. He snacked on peanut butter cups at school, and, of course, he ate peanut butter sandwiches for lunch every day. Nowadays he bakes his own peanut butter cookies because his mother had refused to make them anymore. Greg was a hopeless case; he even covers a slice of chocolate cake with peanut butter.

Correct:

My friend Greg loves peanut butter. Every morning he spreads peanut butter on his toast or waffles. He snacks on peanut butter cups at school, and, of course, he eats peanut butter sandwiches for lunch every day. Nowadays he bakes his own peanut butter cookies because his mother refuses to make them anymore. Greg is a hopeless case; he even covers a slice of chocolate cake with peanut butter.

3.       My wife and I bought a golden retriever puppy last year. We made the mistake on the first few nights of allowing the puppy to sleep on a rug by our bed because he misses his brothers and sisters. Later when we made a bed for him in the laundry room, he howls and scratches on the door for several hours every night. After a while the neighbors call on the telephone to complain about the noise. We thought that he will never give up. The puppy finally learned to sleep by himself, and the neighbors start speaking to us again.

Correct:

My wife and I bought a golden retriever puppy last year. We made the mistake on the first few nights of allowed the puppy to sleep on a rug by our bed because he missed his brothers and sisters. Later when we made a bed for him in the laundry room, he howled and scratched on the door for several hours every night. After a while the neighbors called on the telephone to complain about the noise. We thought that he would never give up. The puppy finally learned to sleep by himself, and the neighbors started speaking to us again.

Konsep Dasar dan Jenis Audit TSI

Pengertian Audit TSI:

                Audit teknologi sistem informasi adalah bentuk pengawasan dan pengendalian dari infrastruktur teknologi informasi secara menyeluruh. Audit teknologi informasi ini dapat berjalan bersama-sama dengan audit finansial dan audit internal, atau dengan kegiatan pengawasan dan evaluasi lain yang sejenis. Pada mulanya istilah ini dikenal dengan audit pemrosesan data elektronik, dan sekarang audit teknologi informasi secara umum merupakan proses pengumpulan dan evaluasi dari semua kegiatan sistem informasi dalam suatu perusahaan. Istilah lain dari audit teknologi informasi adalah audit komputer yang banyak dipakai untuk menentukan apakah aset sistem informasi perusahaan itu telah bekerja secara efektif, dan integratif dalam mencapai target organisasinya.

Metode dan Alat Yang digunakan dalam Audit TSI:

1. Wawancara

                 Wawancara adalah teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melalui tatap muka dan tanya jawab langsung antara peneliti dan narasumber. Wawancara terbagi atas dua kategori, yaitu wawancara terstruktur dan tidak terstruktur.

2. Observasi 

                 Observasi adalah metode pengumpulan data yang kompleks karena melibatkan berbagai faktor dalam pelaksanaannya. Metode pengumpulan data observasi tidak hanya mengukur sikap dari responden, namun juga dapat digunakan untuk merekam berbagai fenomena yang terjadi. Teknik pengumpulan data observasi cocok digunakan untuk penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mempelajari perilaku manusia, proses kerja, dan gejala-gejala alam. Metode ini juga tepat dilakukan pada responden yang kuantitasnya tidak terlalu besar.

3. Kuesioner

                 Kuesioner merupakan metode pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan cara memberi seperangkat pertanyaan atau pernyataan tertulis kepada responden untuk dijawab. Kuesioner merupakan metode pengumpulan data yang lebih efisien bila peneliti telah mengetahui dengan pasti variabel yag akan diukur dan tahu apa yang diharapkan dari responden. Selain itu kuesioner juga cocok digunakan bila jumlah responden cukup besar dan tersebar di wilayah yang luas. Berdasarkan bentuk pertanyaannya, kuesioner dapat dikategorikan dalam dua jenis, yaitu kuesioner terbuka, kuesioner tertutup, dan kuesioner semi terbuka.

4. Studi Dokumen

Studi dokumen adalah metode pengumpulan data yang tidak ditujukan langsung kepada subjek penelitian. Studi dokumen adalah jenis pengumpulan data yang meneliti berbagai macam dokumen yang berguna untuk bahan analisis.

Para auditor sistem informasi secara khusus berkonsentrasi pada evaluasi kehandalan atau efektifitas pengendalian / kontrol sistem. Kontrol adalah sebuah sistem untuk mencegah, mendeteksi atau memperbaiki situasi yang tidak teratur.

Jenis – jenis Audit Sistem Informasi:

Ada beberapa jenis atau tipe dari audit sistem informasi, antara lain adalah:

Audit Laporan Keuangan

Audit laporan keuangan (Financial Statement Audit) merupakan audit yang dijalnkan untuk mencari tahu tingkat kewajaran laporan keuangan yang disajikan perusahaan. Apabila sistem akuntasi organisasi yang diaudit adalah sistem akuntasi berbasis komputer maka audit dilaksanakan pada sistem informasi akuntansi, apakah prosss atau mekanisme sistem dan program komputer sudah selsai, pengendalian umum sistem memadai dan data yang telah substansif.

Audit Operasional

Ada tiga jenis audit operasional (Operational Audit), antara lain:

• Post     Implementation           Audit
  Pelaksanaan post implementasi audit atau audi setelah implementasi ini dijalnakan oleh auditor dengan penerapan, pengalamannya dalam pengembangan sistem aplikasi, sehingga auditor dapat mengevaluasi apakah sistem yang diimplementasikan harus dimutakhirkan atau diperbaiki atau bahkan dihentikan apabila sudah tidak sesuai dengan keperluan atua mengandung kesalahan
• Conccurrent Audit (Audit Bersama)
  Audit menjadi tim pengembang sistem, auditor membantu tim untuk melakukan peningkatan kualitas dikembangkannya sistem yang dibangun oleh analisis, desingner dan programmer dan akan diterapkan.
• Concurrent Audits (Audit Secara Bersama-sama)
  Auditor melakukan evaluasi kinerja unit fungsional atau fungsi sistem informasi apakah telah dikelola dengan baik, apakah kontrol berkembangnya sistem secara menyeluruh sudah dijalankan dengan baik, apakah sistem kompute rsudah dikelola dan dioperasikan dengan baik.

Dalam melakukan audit sistem komputerisasi yang ada, dilaksanakan dengan menyeluruh, pada saat menjalankan pengujian, dimanfaatkan bukti menarik kesimpulan dan memberikan rekomentasi terhadap manajemen tentang hal yang berkaitan dengan efektititas, efisiensi dan ekonomisnya sistem.

15 AREA PENGENDALIAN TI

Pengendalian TI didefinisikan sebagai suatu pernyataan hasil yang diinginkan atau maksud yang dicapai oleh prosedur pengendalian implementasi dalam kegiatan TI khusus. Terdapat 15 area pengendalian, sebut dan jelaskan.

1. Integritas Sistem adalah sebuah sistem yang di dalamnya terdiri atas pilar-pilar yang mana di dalamnya terdapat pelaksanaan yang menjunjung tinggi integritas demi institusi tersebut.
2. Manajemen Sumber Daya adalah suatu proses menangani berbagai masalah pada ruang lingkup karyawan, pegawai, buruh, manajer dan tenaga kerja lainnya untuk dapat menunjang aktivitas organisasi atau perusahaan demi mencapai tujuan yang telah ditentukan.

3. Pengendalian Perubahan Software Aplikasi dan Software  Sistem

• Menentukan adanya keterlibatan dan persetujuan user dalam hal adanya perubahan terhadap software aplikasi dan software sistem
• Setiap pengembangan dan perbaikan aplikasi harus melalui proses formal dan di dokumentasi serta telah melalui tahapan-tahapan pengembangan sistem yang dibakukan dan disetujui.

4. Backup dan Recovery

• Demi kelangsungan usaha, harus tersedia data processing disaster recovery planning (rencana pemulihan data dan pusat sistem informasi apabila terjadi kehancuran),
• Baik berupa backup dan pemulihan normal, maupun rencana contingency untuk kerusakan pusat SI (lokasi gedung, peralatanya, SDM-nya maupun manualnya).

5. Contigency Planning

• Perencanaan yang komprehenshif di dalam mengantisipasi terjadinya ancaman terhadap fasilitas pemrosesan SI
• Dimana sebagian besar komponen utama dari disaster recovery plan telah dirumuskan dengan jelas, telah di koordinasikan dan disetujui, seperti critical application systems, identifikasi peralatan dan fasilitas penunjang H/W, sistem software  dan sebagainya.

6. System Software Support

• Pengukuran pengendalian dalam pengembangan, penggunaan, dan pemeliharaan dari software sistem operasi, biasanya lebih canggih dan lebih cepat perputarannya dibandingkan dengan software aplikasi dengan ketergantungan yang lebih besar kepada staf teknik untuk integritas fungsionalnya.
• Pengukuran kendali pengamanan aplikasi individu maupun pengamanan logika sistem secara menyeluruh (systemwide logical security).

7. Dokumentasi

• Integritas dan ketersediaan dokumen operasi, pengembangan aplikasi, user dan software sistem.
• Diantaranya dokumentasi program dan sistem, buku pedoman operasi dan schedule operasi.
• Untuk setiap aplikasi sebaiknya tersedia dokumentasi untuk tiap jenjang user.

8. Pelatihan atau Training

• Adanya penjenjagan berdasarkan kemampuan untuk seluruh lapisan manajemen dan staf, dalam hal penguasaannya atas aplikasi-aplikasi dan kemampuan teknisnya.
• Serta rencana pelatihan yang berkesinambungan.

9. Administrasi

• Struktur organisasi dan bagannya, rencana strategis, tanggungjawab fungsional, job description, sejalan dengan metoda job accounting dan/atau charge out yang digunakan.
• Termasuk didalamnya pengukuran atas proses pengadaan dan persetujuan untuk semua sumber daya SI.

10. Pengendalian Lingkungan dan Keamanan Fisik

• Listrik, peyejuk udara, penerang ruangan, pengaturan kelembaban, serta kendali akses ke sumber daya informasi.
• Pencegahan kebakaran, ketersediaan sumber listrik cadangan,
• Juga pengendalian dan backup sarana telekomunikasi.

11. Operasi

• Diprogram untuk merespon permintaan/keperluan SO.
• Review atas kelompok SO berdasarkan job schedulling, review yang terus-menerus terhadap operator, retensi terhadap console log message, dokumentasi untuk run/restore/backup atas seluruh aplikasi.
• Daftar personel, dan nomor telepon yang harus dihubungi jika muncul masalah SO, penerapan sistem sift dan rotasi serta pengambilan cuti untuk setiap operator.

12. Telekomunikasi

• Review terhadap logical and physical access controls,
• Metodologi pengacakan (encryption) terhadap aplikasi electronic data interchange (EDI).
• Adanya supervisi yang berkesinambungan terhadap jaringan komputer dan komitmen untuk ketersediaan jaringan tersebut dan juga redundansi saluran telekomunikasi.

13. Program Libraries

• Terdapat pemisahan dan prosedur pengendalian formal untuk application source code dan compiled production program code dengan yang disimpan di application test libraries development.
• Terdapat review atas prosedur quality assurance.

14. Application Support

• Bahwa proses tetap dapat berlangsung walaupun terjadi kegagalan sistem.
• Sejalan dengan kesinambungan proses untuk inisiasi sistem baru, manajemen proyek, proses pengujian yang menyeluruh antara user dan staf SI.
• Adanya review baik formal maupun informal terhadap tingkat kepuasan atas SDLC yang digunakan.

15. Microcomputer Controls

• Pembatasan yang ketat dalam pengadaan, pengembangan aplikasi, dokumentasi atas aplikasi, produksi maupun aplikasi dengan misi yang kritis, sekuriti logika, dan fisik terhadap microcomputer yang dimiliki,
• Serta pembuatan daftar inventaris atas hardware, software, serta legalitas dari software untuk menghindari tuntutan pelanggaran hak cipta.

KONSEP PROSES PENCAPAIAN TUJUAN

Konsep Proses Pencapaian Tujuan merupakan suatu kegiatan yang memiliki tujuan dengan menggunakan perencanaan, pengarahan, pengorganisasian, dan pengontrolan sumber daya untuk mencapai sasaran secara efektif dan efisien. Efektif berarti bahwa tujuan dapat dicapai sesuai dengan perencanaan. Efisien berarti bahwa tugas yang ada dilaksanakan secara benar, terorganisasi, dan sesuai dengan jadwal yang ditentukan. Sedangkan orang yang bertanggung jawab terhadap terlaksananya suatu tujuan atau berjalannya suatu kegiatan manajemen disebut manajer.

Dengan konsep Proses Pencapaian Tujuan, disadari bahwa intelektualitas tidak lagi terletak pada pucuk pimpinan, tetapi pada lapisan bawah. Mereka yang dekat dengan konsumen yang paling mengerti dengan kebutuhan pasar.

Pengorganisasian yang paling tepat untuk kondisi seperti ini adalah pengorganisasian orkes simponi. Organisasi ini sepenuhnya akan digerakan oleh dinamika para pekerja (ujung tombak) sesuai spesialisasi masing-masing.

Untuk menjaga kekompakan agar terjadi irama yang serasi dibutuhkan seorang manajer yang berfungsi sebagai konduktor. Manajer tersebut tidak lagi harus memiliki pengetahuan teknis seperti yang dimiliki pemain orkesnya, tetapi yang diperlukan hanya seorang yang mampu mengatur tempo dan menguasai tingkatan nada.